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00200	
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00600	
00700	                    STANFORD UNIVERSITY
00800	
00900	                    COMPUTER  SCIENCE  DEPARTMENT
01000	
01100	                          SPRING,   1974
01200	
01300	
01400	              Ph.D. QUALIFYING EXAMINATION SYLLABUS
01500	
01600	                    ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
01700	
01800	
     

00100	1. Fundamental AI (including rerpesentation, problem-solving, 
00200	                             history, and languages)
00300	
00400	Amarel, Saul (1968) On Representations of Problems of Reasoning about
00500	        Actions.  Machine Intelligence 3,  pp. 131-171 (eds. Meltzer,
00600	        B. and Michie, D.),  New York:  American Elsevier Pub. Co.
00700	
00800	Bobrow, D. and Raphael, B. (1973) New Programming Languages
00900	        for AI Research.  XEROX Report CSL-73-2,
01000	        August 20, 1973.
01100	
01200	Feigenbaum, E. and Feldman, J. (eds) (1963) Computers and Thought.
01300	        New York: McGraw-Hill. Part 1, Secs. 1,2,3,6; Part 2, Sec. 1
01400	        and also the Feigenbaum article in Sec. 2; Part 3, only the
01500	        Minsky article.
01600	
01700	McCarthy,J. and Hayes, P. (1969) Some Philosophical Problems from
01800	        the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence. Machine
01900	        Intelligence 4,  pp. 463-502 (eds Meltzer and MIchie)
02000	        Edinburgh:  Edinburgh University Press.
02100	
02200	Minsky, M. and Papert, S. (1972) Artificial Intelligence Progress
02300	        Report.   MIT Project MAC, AI Memo 252. 
02400	
02500	Newell, A. (1969)  Heuristic Programming: Ill-Structured Problems,
02600	        in (ed. Aronofsky, A.) Progress in Operations Research III,
02700	        John Wiley and Sons.  pp. 360-414.
02800	
02900	Nilsson, N. J. (1971) Problem-Solving Methods in Artificial Intelligence.
03000	        New York:  McGraw-Hill.
03100	
03200	In Addition:  Thumb Through the following, to get an idea what
03300	        material is likely to occur in each:
03400	        SIGART
03500	        Artificial Intelligence Journal
03600	        Machine Intelligence
03700	
03800	
03900	2. Natural Language
04000	
04100	Charniak, E. (1971) Context and the Reference Problem, in
04200	        (Rustin, R., ed.) Courant Computer Science Symposium 8:
04300	        Natural Language Processing. Held December 20-21, 1971,
04400	        but not published until 1973, N.Y.: Algorithmic Press.
04500	        pp. 311-329.
04600	
04700	Charniak, E. (1973) Jack and Janet in Search of a Theory of Knowledge,
04800	        in Third IJCAI, pp. 337-343.
04900	
05000	Minsky, Marvin (ed) (1968) Semantic Information Processing.
05100	        Cambridge:  M.I.T. Press. Note: Study the first chapter and just
05200	        scan the rest.  
05300	
05400	Schank, R., and Colby, K. (1973) Computer Models of Thought and Learning.
05500	        Freeman & Co.  
05600	
05700	Simmons, R. (1965) Answering English Questions by Computer: A Survey,
05800	        CACM 8, 1; January, 1965,  pp. 53-70.
05900	
06000	Simmons, R. (1970) Natural Language Question Answering Systems.
06100	        CACM 13, 1; January, 1970,  pp. 15-30.
06200	
06300	
06400	
06500	3. Vision and Robotics
06600	
06700	Agin, G. and Binford, T.  (1973)  Computer Description of Curved
06800	        Objects. Third Internatonal Joint Conference
06900	        on Artificial Intelligence, Advanced Papers pp 629-640.
07000	
07100	Feldman, J., Pingle, Binford, Falk, Kay, Paul, Sproull, and
07200	        Tenenbaum. (1971) The Use of Vision and Manipulation
07300	        to Solve the "Instant Insanity" Puzzle.  Proceedings
07400	        of the Second International Joint Conference on Artificial
07500	        Intelligence.  London: The British Computer Society.
07600	
07700	Simon, H. (1973) Lessons from Perception for Chess-Playing Programs
07800	        (and vice versa), CMU Computer Science Research Review
07900	        1972-1973,  pp. 35-40.
08000	
08100	Winston, P. H. (1972)  The M.I.T. Robot,
08200	        Machine Intelligence 7, American Elsevier Pub., 
08300	        pp. 436-442 only.   ←←←←  note carefully
08400	
08500	Yakimovsky, Y. and Feldman, J. (1973) A Semantics-Based Decision
08600	        Theory Region Analyzer. Third IJCAI, Advanced Papers pp 580-8.
08700	
08800	4. Speech Understanding
08900	
09000	
09100	*Erman, Fennell, Lesser, and Reddy (1973) System Organization for Speech
09200	        Understanding.  Third IJCAI, pp. 194-199.
09300	        Note: the three references marked by an asterisk (*) are
09400	        also available together in "Working Papers in Speech
09500	        Recognition", CMU Comp. Sci. Speech Group, Aug. 1973.
09600	
09700	Newell, Barnett, Forgie, Green, Licklider, Munson, Reddy, and
09800	        Woods (1971) Speech Understanding Systems: Final Report of a
09900	        Study Group.  Carnegie-Mellon University:  Computer Science
10000	        Department. Chaps. 1,2,3,4,5,6; Appendix A2.
10100	        Also published in book form as Speech Understading
10200	        Systems (1973) Amsterdam: North-Holland.
10300	
10400	*Reddy, D. Raj, Erman, Fennell, an Neely (1973)  The HEARSAY Speech
10500	        Understanding System: An Example of the Recognition Process.
10600	        Third IJCAI,  pp. 185-193.
10700	
10800	*Reddy, Erman, an Neely (1973) A Model and a System for Machine
10900	        Recognition of Speech.  IEEE Transactons, Audio and
11000	        Electrostatics, Autumn, 21 (3) , June, 1973.
11100	
11200	Woods, W. A. and Makhoul, J. (1973) Mechnical Inference Problems in
11300	        Continuous Speech Understanding. Third IJCAI, pp.  200-207.
11400	
11500	
11600	5. Automatic Programming
11700	
11800	Darlington, J. and Burstall, R. (1973) A System Which
11900	        Automatically Improves Programs. Third IJCAI, pp. 479-485.
12000	
12100	Floyd, R.W. (1971) Toward Interactive Design of Correct
12200	        Programs.  IFIP 1971 (C.V. Freiman, ed.) V.1, pp 7-10.
12300	
12400	Nilsson, N. J. (1971) Problem-Solving Methods in Artificial Intelligence.
12500	        New York:  McGraw-Hill.  Note:  Chapter 7 only is relevant here.
12600	
12700	
12800	6. Psychology
12900	
13000	Newell, A., and Simon, H. (1972) Human Problem Solving.
13100	        Prentice-Hall, Inc.   Note: Chapter 14 only.
13200	
13300	Newell, A. (1973) Production Systems: Models of Control Structures,
13400	        May, 1973 CMU Report; also published in
13500	        (W. G. Chase, ed.) Visual Information Processing,
13600	        New York: Academic Press. Chapter 10,  pp. 463-526.
13700	
13800	Simon, H. (1973) Lessons from Perception for Chess-Playing Programs
13900	        (and vice versa), CMU Computer Science Research Review
14000	        1972-1973,  pp. 35-40.
14100	
14200	
14300	7. Inductive Inference
14400	
14500	Buchanan, Feigenbaum, and Sridharan (1972) Heuristic Theory Formation,
14600	        in Machine Intelligence 7,  American Elsevier Pub.
14700	        pp. 267-280 only (skip the appendix).
14800	
14900	Fikes, Hart, and Nilsson (1972) Learning and Executing Generalized
15000	        Robot Plans.  Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 3 (Winter, 1972).
15100	
15200	Also: Winston's section of the MIT Progress Report (1972;
15300	        Minsky & Papert; see under Fundamental AI)  is relevant here.
15400	
15500	8. Applications
15600	
15700	Feigenbaum, E. et al. (1971) On Generality and Problem Solving:
15800	        A Case Study Using the DENDRAL Program. (eds Meltzer and
15900	        Michie) Machine Intelligence 6,  pp 165-190.
16000	
16100	Martin, W., and Fateman, R. (1971) The Macsyma System, in
16200	        (S. Petrick, ed.) Second Symposium on Symbolic and
16300	        Algebraic Manipulation.  N.Y.: ACM SIGSAM.  pp. 59-75.
16400	
16500	Shortliffe, E., Axline, Buchanan, Merigan, Cohen (1973) An AI Program
16600	        to Advise Physicians Regarding Antimicrobial Therapy, in
16700	        Computers and Biomedical Research, Vol. 6, No. 6, December, 1973,
16800	        pp. 544-560.
16900	
17000	
17100	
17200	In addition, the following films must be viewed (Available at AI Lab):
17300	        Motion & Vision (Nov., 1972) Suzanne Kandra.  22 minutes.
17400	        Automated Pump Assembly (april, 1973) Paul & Pingle. 7 min.
     

00100	
00200	Some unresolved questions:
00300	
00400	1. What about some "not-yet-ready" but good material:
00500	        Minsky's Frames (ready about April 1)
00600	        Nilsson's AI Overview (ready sometime in March)
00700	        Raj Reddy's new film
00800	
00900	2. What about some new types of materials:
01000	        Pro/con AI arguments (eg Lighthill; Wezenbauuum & Coles; 
01100					 Dreyfus & Papert)
01200		A good but brief survey of cybernetics
01300	            or neural nets.
01400	
01500	3. An introductory writeup must be written, including
01600	    a definition of  "scan" and "thumb through"
01700	    a mention of the dateof theexam, whether closed book/ open book,
01800	    an idea of th duration of the exam, whether written, oral
01900	
02000	4. A decision about whether or not to include the two Charniak articles
02100	        must be made.
02200	
02300	5. Does anyone have MIT Memo 299:  Arpa Proposal for Intelligent
02400	        Automata and Micro-Automation?   If so, should an excerpt be
02500	        included, e.g. in the Automatic Programming section?
02600